STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guides reporting of cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies.

Improve transparency in observational epidemiological research.

Who should use it

Epidemiologists and clinical researchers reporting observational data.

Recommended for observational studies in epidemiology and clinical research.

• Study design in title/abstract
• Setting and participants
• Variables and data sources
• Bias assessment
• Study size and quantitative variables
• Statistical methods
• Results with effect estimates

• Clear study design identification
• Eligibility criteria and follow-up
• Confounding and missing data handling

• Ambiguous study design
• Missing confounder adjustment details
• Incomplete follow-up reporting